The International Association for Cryospheric Sciences (IACS) held its General Assembly in collaboration with the International Association of Meteorological and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS) and the International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO). The IAMAS–IACS–IAPSO Joint Assembly 2025 (BACO-25) was held at the Busan Exhibition and Convention Center (BEXCO) in Busan, South Korea, from July 20 to 25, 2025. This six-day event brought together leading scientists in atmospheric, oceanic, and cryospheric research from around the world to present recent findings, exchange ideas, and promote international collaboration in Earth system science.
IAMAS symposia covered a broad spectrum of atmospheric science, focusing on climate dynamics, atmospheric chemistry and global pollution, clouds and precipitation, dynamic meteorology, polar processes, ozone, radiation, and weather and climate extremes. IAPSO sessions addressed the physical sciences of the oceans, including mean sea level and tides, air–sea interaction, ocean mixing, salinity, tsunamis and other ocean hazards, and advancements in ocean modeling and marine geophysics. IACS symposia emphasized the study of snow, glaciers, sea ice, and permafrost, and their interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and climate.
The Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) played a prominent role in BACO-25, organizing key sessions such as JCMP09 (Ice Sheet Mass Loss and Sea Level Rise), JCMP10 (Atmosphere–Ocean–Cryosphere Interactions in Antarctic Climate Change), and C02 (Advances in Sea Ice Forecasting and Modelling). KOPRI scientists also delivered 17 scientific presentations and engaged in outreach programs, including the High School Student Program, thereby enhancing public and academic engagement.
